What is benign external hydrocephalus?

External hydrocephalus (EH) is a benign clinical entity in which macrocephaly is associated with an increase in volume of the subarachnoid space, especially overlying both frontal lobes, and a normal or only slight increase in volume of the lateral ventricles.

What causes benign extra axial fluid of infancy?

External hydrocephalus is the most common cause of macrocephaly in infants (2-4). It is a condition in infants and children with enlarged subarachnoid space accompanied by increasing head circumference with normal or mildly dilated ventricles (4, 5).

What is external hydrocephalus?

External hydrocephalus means abnormal fluid accumulation in the subarachnoid space under increased pressure with no or slight widening of the ventricles. 9 children were investigated because of pathologically increasing head circumference and abnormal transillumination.

What is the survival rate of hydrocephalus?

The mortality rate for hydrocephalus and associated therapy ranges from 0 to 3%. This rate is highly dependent on the duration of follow-up care. The shunt event-free survival is approximately 70% at 12 months and is nearly half that at 10 years, post-operatively.

What causes extra-axial fluid?

When an injury or illness alters the circulation of CSF, one or more of the ventricles becomes enlarged as CSF accumulates. In an adult, the skull is rigid and cannot expand, so the pressure in the brain may increase profoundly. Hydrocephalus is a chronic condition.

Is hydrocephalus neurological?

Hydrocephalus is diagnosed through clinical neurological evaluation and by using cranial imaging techniques such as ultrasonography, computer tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or pressure-monitoring techniques. Hydrocephalus is most often treated with the surgical placement of a shunt system.

How old is the oldest person with hydrocephalus?

The longest living hydrocephalic is Theresa Alvina Schaan (Canada) who was born on the 17 March 1941 and diagnosed with having congenital hydrocephalus.