What is reductive carbonylation?

Reductive carbonylation (also called formylation) catalyzed by transition metal offers a straightforward procedure for aryl aldehyde preparation. Starting from the corresponding aryl-X (X = I, Br, Cl, OTf, etc.), in the presence of catalyst and carbon monoxide, aromatic aldehydes can be easily prepared (Scheme 3.3).

How do you find the Hapticity of a ligand?

Hapticity is the coordination of a ligand to a metal center via an uninterrupted and contiguous series of atoms. The hapticity of a ligand is described with the Greek letter η (‘eta’). For example, η2 describes a ligand that coordinates through 2 contiguous atoms.

What is hydrosilation reaction?

Hydrosilylation, also called catalytic hydrosilation, describes the addition of Si-H bonds across unsaturated bonds. Ordinarily the reaction is conducted catalytically and usually the substrates are unsaturated organic compounds. Alkenes and alkynes give alkyl and vinyl silanes; aldehydes and ketones give silyl ethers.

What is the mechanism of hydroalkoxycarbonylation of alkenes?

Hydroalkoxycarbonylation of alkenes with nickel tetracarbonyl. The mechanism of the alkoxycarbonylation is outlined in Scheme 109.

Which is an important application of alkoxycarbonylation?

Alkoxycarbonylation reactions constitute an important method for the synthesis of mostly methyl esters. Besides the laboratory-scale application, alkoxycarbonylation reactions are suitable for large-scale preparation of industrially relevant products.

What is the mechanism of alkoxycarbonylation in scheme 109?

The mechanism of the alkoxycarbonylation is outlined in Scheme 109. Coordination of the palladium species to the alkene or alkyne moiety (109-1) is followed by attack of a nucleophile (alcohol or amine) onto the η 2 -Pd (II) complex and formation of the alkoxy- or aminopalladated species (109-3).

Which is an example of an asymmetric carbonylation reaction?

The asymmetric carbonylation is among the most challenging homogeneous process and their potential is yet to be made. The Rh-catalyzed hydroformylation of alkenes together with the Pd-catalyzed hydroxy and alkoxycarbonylation of alkenes are the most famous examples for the asymmetric carbonylation reactions.