Which laser has optical pumping?

Optical pumping is often used with solid state lasers, like ruby and Nd:YAG. In these materials, there is no possibility of electrical current flow through the material with resultant excitation through collisions with electrons.

What are the pumping techniques of laser?

Optical pumping: light is used to raise the atoms to higher energy states. Chemical pumping: chemical reactions are used to raise the atoms. Direct conversion: In this method the electrical energy directly creates the state of population inversion and laser is produced.

What is optical pumping in the production of laser?

Optical pumping is a process in which light is used to raise (or “pump”) electrons from a lower energy level in an atom or molecule to a higher one. It is commonly used in laser construction to pump the active laser medium so as to achieve population inversion.

What is called pumping in laser?

Laser pumping is the act of energy transfer from an external source into the gain medium of a laser. The energy is absorbed in the medium, producing excited states in its atoms. In this condition, the mechanism of stimulated emission can take place and the medium can act as a laser or an optical amplifier.

Why is laser light monochromatic?

Monochromatic Laser Light The light from a laser typically comes from one atomic transition with a single precise wavelength. So the laser light has a single spectral color and is almost the purest monochromatic light available.

What is radiation in laser?

Some lasers emit radiation in the form of light. Others emit radiation that is invisible to the eye, such as ultraviolet or infrared radiation. In general, laser radiation is not in itself harmful, and behaves much like ordinary light in its interaction with the body.

Why optical pumping is not used in gas laser?

Conventional light sources used for optical pumping have broad emission spectrum, so only a small part of the light is used in the excitation process. Because gas atoms absorb only a small portion of the spectrum, optical pumping is not generally an efficient method for gas lasers.

Why is electric pumping preferred for gas lasers?

Electrical pumping is used for gas and semiconductor lasers. Gas lasers commonly use electrical pumping or laser pumping, because their absorption bands are narrower than solid and liquid lasers, wide band lamp light is not efficient enough, much of the lamp energy is dissipated as heat.

What kind of laser operates at room temperature?

A molecular FIR laser optically pumped by a QCL has been demonstrated in 2016. It operates at room-temperature and is smaller than molecular FIR lasers optically pumped by CO 2 lasers. Free electron lasers can also operate on far infrared wavelengths.

Where can I find a widely tunable gas laser?

1 Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. 3 Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

What can a tunable QCL optically pump out?

A tunable QCL can optically pump almost any ro-vibrational transition JL → JU of almost any molecule, thereby promoting population from lower level JL into a virtually empty excited vibrational level ( Fig. 1A ).

How are gas phase lasers used in science?

These gas-phase lasers use a discretely line-tunable carbon dioxide (CO 2) laser to excite a specific rotational-vibrational (ro-vibrational) transition in a specific molecular gas to create a rotational population inversion within a tunable cavity.