How are liposomes used in cosmetics?

Liposomes are, by definition, a tiny bubble, made out of the same material as a cell membrane. In cosmetic formulations they are used as a delivery system, carrying active ingredients present in cosmetic products, to the deeper layers of the epidermis.

Why PEGylation of liposomes are important?

PEGylation has been reported to hinder the adsorption of protein opsonins in the circulation onto liposome surfaces, which results in increased clearance of liposomes by the mononuclear phagocytic cells in the liver and spleen [16,17].

What is liposome formulation?

A liposome drug formulation is different from (1) an emulsion, which is a dispersed system of oil in water, or water in oil phases containing one or more surfactants, (2) a microemulsion, which is a thermodynamically stable two phase system containing oil or lipid, water and surfactants, and (3) a drug-lipid complex.

Why do liposomes form?

They typically form after supplying enough energy to a dispersion of (phospho)lipids in a polar solvent, such as water, to break down multilamellar aggregates into oligo- or unilamellar bilayer vesicles. Liposomes can hence be created by sonicating a dispersion of amphipatic lipids, such as phospholipids, in water.

Why PEG is important for drug and gene delivery?

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is widely utilized in drug delivery and nanotechnology due to its reported “stealth” properties and biocompatibility. It is generally thought that PEGylation allows particulate delivery systems and biomaterials to evade the immune system and thereby prolong circulation lifetimes.

Are liposomes unstable?

Liposomes containing saturated phospholipids showed increased stability and high transition temperature compared to liposomes composed of unsaturated phospholipids. The most important obstacle in liposomal technology is their long-term instability, especially when used as drug carriers21.

What are the advantages of using liposomes?

As a drug delivery system, liposomes offer several advantages including biocompatibility, capacity for self-assembly, ability to carry large drug payloads, and a wide range of physicochemical and biophysical properties that can be modified to control their biological characteristics (Koning and Storm, 2003; Metselaar …

How are liposomes used in skin care products?

Liposomes is not only an effective tool to help skin absorb active cosmetic ingredients, but also improve the stability of active ingredients, increase skin hydration by surface adhesiveness, enhance dermal bioavailability and skin targeting, and protect skin cells for external stressor, such as sun or sweat.

When was the first pegylated liposome drug approved?

The first FDA approval of a PEGylated nanoparticle (NP) product, Doxil®, came in 1995. Doxil “Stealth®” liposomes increased doxorubicin bioavailability nearly 90-fold at 1 week from injection versus free drug, with a drug half-life of 72 h and circulation half-life of 36 h [6], [7], [8].

How is PEGylation used to improve drug delivery?

Coating the surface of nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol (PEG), or “PEGylation”, is a commonly used approach for improving the efficiency of drug and gene delivery to target cells and tissues.

How are pegylated enzymes used in anti cancer therapy?

PEGylated enzymes in anti-cancer therapy Therapeutic enzymes represent a growing class of biopharmaceuticals, and PEGylation has played a major role in improving several of these products. Many depleting enzymes are active against tumors. Enzymes’ intrinsic property of degrading amino acids is essential for cancer cells existence.